Introducing the ultimate guide to the "12 Unbelievable Outdoor Sofa Covers Waterproof for 2023". For all the outdoor enthusiasts seeking durable and reliable sofa covers that can withstand the elements, this comprehensive list showcases the top 12 options available in the market for the upcoming year. Whether you're looking to protect your outdoor furniture from rain, sun, or any other unexpected weather conditions, these waterproof sofa covers are specifically designed to safeguard your investment and extend its lifespan. Don't miss out on these incredible options that offer both functionality and style, ensuring your outdoor space remains beautiful and protected throughout 2023.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The BROSYDA Heavy Duty Patio Sofa Cover is a waterproof cover designed to protect your outdoor furniture from heavy rain, snowstorm, and dust. Made of durable and high-quality materials, this cover is UV-resistant, can withstand high temperatures, and is easy to clean. It features a large air vent that prevents moisture from entering and causing damage. The cover is easy to install with buckle straps at the bottom. With its perfect size of 78"L×33"D×32"H, it fits most 3-seater outdoor sofas. Overall, it offers excellent protection and convenience for your outdoor furniture.
Key Features
- Size: 78"L×33"D×32"H
- Waterproof oxford cloth with PU waterproof coating
- Durable and weather-resistant materials
- Huge air vent for moisture removal
- Easy to install with buckle straps
Specifications
Pros
- Perfect size and fit for outdoor furniture
- Straps and fasteners to secure the cover
- Withstands heavy rain and keeps cushions dry
- Affordable and good value for the price
- Easy to take on and off
Cons
- Fabric may be too thin for bad weather
- Not sturdy enough for long-term use
- May leak if exposed to sitting water
The BROSYDA Heavy Duty Patio Sofa Cover is a reliable and affordable solution for protecting your outdoor furniture. It offers excellent waterproofing and durability, ensuring that your furniture remains in good condition even during heavy rain or snow. The easy installation and adjustable straps make it convenient to use, and the perfect size fits most 3-seater outdoor sofas. While the fabric may not be as thick as some users prefer, it still provides adequate protection for the summer season. Overall, this sofa cover is a cost-effective choice for extending the lifespan of your outdoor furniture.
Overall Score: 8/10
The Likorlove 100% Waterproof Outdoor Sofa Cover is designed to protect your patio furniture from outdoor damage. It is made of high quality 600D heavy duty oxford fabric coated with PVC, making it waterproof, windproof, and UV resistant. The cover features an air vent to reduce condensation, along with click-close straps and adjustable cord locks to keep it securely in place. It is available in multiple sizes to fit different styles of 3-seater sofas. The cover is easy to clean and comes with a 100% satisfaction guarantee from Likorlove. Overall, it is a durable and reliable option for protecting your outdoor furniture.
Key Features
- Multiple sizes to choose from
- High quality 600D heavy duty oxford fabric
- Waterproof, windproof, and UV resistant
- Click-close straps and adjustable cord locks
- Easy to clean
Specifications
- Color: Black
Pros
- Durable and heavy duty fabric
- Easy to clean
- Secure fit with click-close straps and cord locks
- Waterproof and UV resistant
Cons
- May not fit all sofa sizes perfectly
- Some confusion with orientation and instructions
The Likorlove 100% Waterproof Outdoor Sofa Cover is a reliable and durable option for protecting your patio furniture. It is made of high quality materials that are waterproof, windproof, and UV resistant. The cover features secure straps and cord locks to ensure a snug fit, and it is easy to clean. While some users may experience sizing issues and confusion with the orientation, overall it is a good value for the money. Whether you have a lawn, backyard deck, or patio, this cover will keep your sofa safe from rain, sun, snow, wind, and dust. Enjoy your outdoor space without worrying about your furniture getting damaged with the Likorlove outdoor sofa cover.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The Vailge Heavy Duty Patio Sofa Cover is a top-quality, heavy-duty outdoor sofa cover designed to protect your patio furniture from the elements. Made of 600D polyester oxford fabric and PVC layer, this waterproof and dust-proof cover provides maximum protection against sun, rain, wind, and bird droppings. It features wide padded handles and fastening straps for easy fitting and removal, as well as air vents to reduce condensation and wind lofting. With its durable construction and humanized design, this sofa cover is guaranteed to keep your outdoor furniture dry and in good condition. Available in beige and brown, it comes in a size that fits most 3-seater sofas. Experience the convenience and reliability of the Vailge Heavy Duty Patio Sofa Cover and ensure the longevity of your outdoor furniture.
Key Features
- Maximum protection from outdoor elements
- Waterproof and dust-proof
- Wide padded handles for easy fitting and removal
- Fastening straps keep the cover secure in windy conditions
- Air vents reduce condensation and wind lofting
Specifications
- Color: Beige&brown
- Dimension: 60.00Lx35.00Wx35.00H
- Size: 60"Wx35"Dx35" H
Pros
- Top-quality and heavy-duty construction
- Waterproof and UV-resistant coating
- Multiple sizes available
- Easy to fit and remove
- Durable and long-lasting
Cons
- May not withstand large hail
- Waterproofing may wear off over time
- Condensation can occur in certain conditions
The Vailge Heavy Duty Patio Sofa Cover is an excellent choice for protecting your outdoor furniture. With its maximum protection and durable construction, it ensures that your patio sofa remains dry and in good condition. The wide padded handles and fastening straps make it easy to fit and remove, while the air vents reduce condensation and wind lofting. Although it may not withstand extremely large hail and the waterproofing may wear off over time, these are minor drawbacks compared to the overall performance of this cover. If you want to extend the lifespan of your outdoor furniture, the Vailge Heavy Duty Patio Sofa Cover is a reliable and practical investment.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The MR. COVER 3-Seater Outdoor Couch Cover is a high-quality and durable option for protecting your patio furniture. Made of reliable waterproof polyester fabric with high-density knitting craftsmanship, this cover is heavier and thicker than others. It fits patio sofas within the size range of 94 inches wide, 40 inches deep, and 35 inches high. The cover features windproof drawstrings and adjustable buckles, moisture-proof air vents, and convenient handles. With its pleasant neutral mixed colors and elegant welting detail, it adds a stylish touch to your outdoor space. MR. COVER offers a 30-day refund and 365-days limited warranty for a worry-free experience.
Key Features
- Impressed Quality: Reliable waterproof polyester fabric with high-density knitting craftsmanship
- Applicable Size: Fits patio sofas within the size range of 94 inches wide, 40 inches deep, and 35 inches high
- Multiple Functions: Windproof drawstrings, adjustable buckles, moisture-proof air vents, and convenient handles
- Stylish Style: Pleasant neutral mixed colors and elegant welting detail
- Worry-free Experience: 30-day refund and 365-days limited warranty
Specifications
- Color: Brown & Beige
- Size: 94W x 40D x 35H
Pros
- High-quality and durable
- Waterproof
- Stylish design
- Convenient features
Cons
- May shed microfibers in harsh weather conditions
- Some customers reported durability issues after a few years
The MR. COVER 3-Seater Outdoor Couch Cover offers impressive quality and protection for your patio furniture. Its reliable waterproof fabric, convenient features, and stylish design make it a standout choice. While it may shed microfibers in harsh weather conditions and some customers reported durability issues over time, the overall performance and customer satisfaction of this cover are positive. With a 30-day refund and a 365-days limited warranty, MR. COVER ensures a worry-free experience. If you’re looking to safeguard your outdoor couch, this cover is a recommended option.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The HENAYUK Outdoor Sofa Cover Waterproof is a 3-seater patio furniture cover designed to keep your outdoor sofa clean and protected from the elements. Made of 420D polyester oxford, this heavy-duty cover is waterproof and features thicken waterproof seams to prevent water penetration. It also has a water-resistant undercoating and coating to keep your patio furniture dry in all seasons. The cover is wind resistant, thanks to click-close leg straps and an adjustable elastic hem cord. It provides all-round protection against sun, rain, snow, dust, dirt, splashes, stains, and scratches. Easy to clean, this durable cover ensures worry-free protection for your sofa.
Key Features
- Thicken Waterproof Seams
- Ultra Protection
- Wind Resistant
- All-Round Protection
- Easy to Clean
Specifications
- Size: 79"W x 37"D x 35"H
Pros
- Waterproof and durable
- Provides all-round protection
- Easy to clean
- Adjustable elastic hem cord for tight fit
Cons
- Some customers expected a thicker fabric
The HENAYUK Outdoor Sofa Cover Waterproof is a reliable and effective solution for protecting your outdoor sofa. With its waterproof and durable construction, it provides all-round protection against various elements. The adjustable elastic hem cord ensures a tight, custom fit, while the easy-to-clean design adds convenience. While some customers expected a thicker fabric, it still performs well in keeping furniture dry and protected. Overall, this cover offers excellent value for its price and is highly recommended for anyone looking to protect their outdoor furniture.
Overall Score: 9/10
Keep your outdoor furniture protected and dry with the Mrrihand Patio Furniture Set Cover. This heavy-duty cover is made of durable 600D UV protection oxford fabric and features an excellent waterproof design with an inner PU waterproof coating and taped seams. Its universal size fits most furniture sets, including tables, chairs, benches, and 6-8 seat sofa sets. The cover is easy to install and remove, thanks to the click-close straps and cord-lock closure. With an air vent design, it promotes air circulation and prevents condensation. Protect your furniture from rain, snow, dust, and scratches with this reliable and convenient cover.
Key Features
- Universal size fits most furniture sets
- Excellent waterproof and durable construction
- Air vent design for ventilation
- Easy installation and removal with click-close straps
- Protects from rain, snow, dust, and scratches
Specifications
Pros
- Universal size fits various furniture sets
- Excellent waterproof protection
- Durable and long-lasting construction
- Promotes air circulation to prevent condensation
- Convenient click-close straps for easy installation
Cons
- No specifications provided
- Material is thin
- Back support could be higher
The Mrrihand Patio Furniture Set Cover offers outstanding protection for your outdoor furniture. It combines durability, waterproofness, and convenience, making it an excellent choice for keeping your furniture in top condition. The universal size ensures compatibility with various furniture sets, while the air vent design prevents condensation. With easy installation and removal, thanks to the click-close straps, this cover is user-friendly. Although the material could be thicker and the back support higher, the overall quality and benefits outweigh these minor drawbacks. Enjoy peace of mind knowing your patio furniture is shielded from rain, snow, dust, and scratches with this reliable and affordable cover.
Overall Score: 9.2/10
Protect your outdoor furniture with the ULTCOVER Patio Furniture Sofa Cover. Made of top quality 600D polyester canvas with a waterproof backing, this cover is tough enough to withstand rain, hail, snow, dust, leaves, and bird droppings. With a 100% coverage design, your sofa will always look like new by avoiding exposure to the sun. The cover is guaranteed to fit patio furniture sofa/loveseat/bench size up to 102”(W)x35”(D), and it comes with a 3-year warranty. The well-made air vents and heavy-duty elastic draw cords ensure that the cover stays in place during high winds and severe weather. Keep your outdoor furniture protected and looking great with the ULTCOVER Patio Furniture Sofa Cover.
Key Features
- Fits patio furniture sofa/loveseat/bench up to 102”(W)x35”(D)
- Constructed with top quality 600D polyester canvas
- 100% waterproof with taped seams
- Well-made air vents prevent wind lofting
- Plastic clips and heavy-duty elastic draw cords for secure fitting
Specifications
- Color: Brown-35" deep
- Dimension: 102.00Lx35.00Wx35.00H
- Size: 102"x35"x24"/35"(H)
Pros
- Durable and repels water effectively
- Easy to put on and remove
- Stays in place even in high winds
- Provides full coverage for furniture
- Comes with a 3-year warranty
Cons
- Some customers reported small tears after extended use
The ULTCOVER Patio Furniture Sofa Cover is a high-quality and durable option for protecting your outdoor furniture. With its waterproof design and sturdy construction, it effectively keeps rain, snow, and debris away from your sofa. The cover is easy to install and stays securely in place during windy weather. Although a few customers mentioned small tears after long-term use, the majority of reviewers were highly satisfied with the performance and value of this cover. Overall, if you’re looking for a reliable and long-lasting solution to protect your outdoor 4-seater couch, the ULTCOVER Patio Furniture Sofa Cover is an excellent choice.
Overall Score: 9/10
Protect your outdoor sofa with the waterproof and sturdy MR. COVER 3-Seater Outdoor Couch Cover. Made of high-quality 800D polyester fabric with double-stitched taped seams and PVC coating, this cover ensures 100% water-resistance and extra durability. It is designed to fit 75-80 inch outdoor sofas made from wicker, teak, or metal. The elastic hem cords, click-close straps, and padded handles provide full protection against the elements. The moisture-proof air vents allow for air circulation, reducing condensation and keeping your outdoor sofa dry. The cover also comes with a 30-day money-back guarantee and a 365-day limited warranty. With its decent design and reliable features, the MR. COVER 3-Seater Outdoor Couch Cover is a great investment for your outdoor furniture.
Key Features
- Made of high-quality 800D polyester fabric with double-stitched taped seams and PVC coating
- Waterproof and sturdy
- Fits 75-80 inches outdoor sofas made from wicker, teak, or metal
- Elastic hem cords, click-close straps, and padded handles for full protection
- Moisture-proof air vents for air circulation
- 30-day money-back guarantee and 365-day limited warranty
Specifications
- Color: Black
- Dimension: 34.00Lx78.00Wx34.00H
- Size: 80W x 38D x 35H
Pros
- High-quality and heavy-duty
- Keeps outdoor furniture dry
- Easy to put on and take off
- Good size and fit
- Comes with straps and cords for secure attachment
Cons
- None mentioned
The MR. COVER 3-Seater Outdoor Couch Cover is an excellent choice for protecting your outdoor sofa. Its waterproof and sturdy construction, along with its functional features like elastic hem cords and click-close straps, ensure that your furniture stays dry and secure against the elements. The moisture-proof air vents also help to prevent condensation. Customers have praised its high-quality materials and perfect fit, making it a reliable and durable option. With the added benefit of a 30-day money-back guarantee and a 365-day limited warranty, this cover offers peace of mind and a worry-free experience. Invest in the MR. COVER 3-Seater Outdoor Couch Cover to keep your outdoor furniture in top condition.
Overall Score: 9/10
The Arcedo Outdoor Sofa Cover is a heavy-duty and waterproof patio cover designed for oversized sectional sofas. It is made with durable polyester and has a waterproof vinyl coating to protect against outdoor elements. The cover features an adjustable elastic drawstring hem and buckle strap for a secure fit in windy conditions. Reinforced fabric handles make it easy to lift and remove the cover, and air vents provide ventilation and prevent condensation. With its universal fit and high-quality construction, this sofa cover is an ideal gift for friends and family. It comes in a stylish beige and brown color and is backed by a customer satisfaction guarantee.
Key Features
- Universal fit for 3-seater sofas
- Heavy-duty and waterproof construction
- Adjustable drawstring hem and buckle strap
- Reinforced fabric handles and air vents
- Ideal gift for special occasions
- Satisfying customer service guarantee
Specifications
- Color: Beige and Brown
- Dimension: 34.00Lx90.00Wx32.00H
- Size: 90"L x 34"W x 32"H
Pros
- Durable and long-lasting material
- Provides excellent protection against outdoor elements
- Easy to fit and remove with adjustable features
- Convenient handles and air vents for ventilation
- Makes a great gift for friends and family
- Customer satisfaction guaranteed
Cons
- No specific cons mentioned in reviews
The Arcedo Outdoor Sofa Cover offers exceptional protection and durability for your oversized sectional sofa. Its heavy-duty and waterproof construction ensures that your outdoor furniture remains dry and ready to use, even in harsh weather conditions. The adjustable features and convenient handles make installation and removal a breeze, while the air vents prevent condensation and maintain optimum ventilation. With its stylish design and high-quality construction, this sofa cover is the perfect gift for any occasion. Customers have praised its reliability and excellent performance. Overall, the Arcedo Outdoor Sofa Cover is a top-notch choice for anyone looking to protect and extend the lifespan of their outdoor furniture.
Overall Score: 9/10
The Bestalent Patio Furniture Covers Waterproof is a must-have for protecting your outdoor sofa from various elements. Made from durable 600D Oxford fabric, this cover offers complete protection against rain, snow, wind, and dust. It features a unique ventilation design with a spacious vent on the rear side to enhance air circulation and prevent water infiltration. The double sewing process ensures a tight and firm fit, while the adjustable drawstrings and buckle straps provide secure fastening. With three handles for easy installation and removal, this cover is both convenient and practical. Available in beige and grey, it measures 58"W x 40"D x 31"H. It has received excellent reviews for its durability and quality construction.
Key Features
- Perfect Dimensions: 58"W x 40"D x 31"H
- Complete Protection with 600D Oxford fabric
- Unique Ventilation Design with rear vent
- Durable and Sturdy with double sewing process
- Convenient and Practical with adjustable drawstrings and 4 buckle straps
Specifications
- Color: Beige/Grey
- Size: 58"W x 40"D x 31"H
Pros
- Excellent buy with good price and material
- Thick, durable, and excellent construction
- Fits well and made of substantial material
- Easy to attach and keeps in place even on windy days
Cons
- Heavy for frequent lifting
- Not tested for heavy rain
The Bestalent Patio Furniture Covers Waterproof is a high-quality and durable cover that provides complete protection for your outdoor sofa. With its innovative ventilation design, convenient features, and secure fastening, this cover is both practical and efficient. It has received rave reviews for its excellent construction and value for money. While it may be slightly heavy for frequent lifting, it is perfect for seasonal use and will keep your outdoor furniture dry and well protected. If you’re looking for a reliable and stylish cover, the Bestalent Patio Furniture Covers Waterproof is a fantastic choice.
Overall Score: 8/10
The PATIOASIS Patio Sofa Cover Waterproof is a heavy-duty outdoor furniture loveseat cover designed to protect your patio loveseat from various elements. It is made of 600D oxford fabric that is not only waterproof but also weather-resistant, ensuring your furniture stays dry and safe from the sun, dirt, rain, and snow. The cover features air vents for improved airflow and breathability, preventing condensation and ballooning in winds. With its windproof design, including a locking rope and buckles, the cover stays securely in place even during harsh weather conditions. The beige color adds an elegant touch to your outdoor setting. Although there have been some reports of tearing and difficulty in cleaning, overall, the PATIOASIS Patio Sofa Cover provides reliable protection for your loveseat.
Key Features
- Universal Fits Patio Loveseat Covers – 87inch L x 37inch W x 35inch H
- Breathable Outside Loveseat Covers with Air Vents
- Windproof Patio Sofa Cover with Locking Rope and Buckles
- Waterproof Outdoor Loveseat Cover with Inner Coating
- Weather Resistant Premium Patio Loveseat Covers – Made of Heavy Duty 600D Oxford Fabric
Specifications
- Color: Beige
- Size: 87''L x 37''W x 35''H
Pros
- Universal fit for most patio loveseats
- Breathable design prevents condensation
- Windproof features keep the cover in place
- Waterproof and weather-resistant fabric
- Durable construction for long-lasting protection
Cons
- Some reports of tearing after several months of use
- Difficult to clean the dirt on the covers
The PATIOASIS Patio Sofa Cover Waterproof is a durable and well-designed cover that offers excellent protection for your outdoor loveseat. While there have been a few issues with tearing and difficulty in cleaning, it still delivers on its promise of keeping your furniture dry and safe. The universal fit, windproof features, and breathable design make it a practical choice for any patio loveseat. Whether you’re dealing with rain, sun, or snow, this cover will ensure that your furniture remains in great condition. Just keep in mind the occasional need for maintenance and cleaning. Overall, the PATIOASIS Patio Sofa Cover is a reliable option for protecting your outdoor furniture.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The KylinLucky Outdoor Furniture Covers Waterproof is a heavy-duty protective cover for your outdoor sofa. Made of 600D polyester oxford with a water-resistant top fabric, this cover provides ultra-protection for your patio furniture. It is designed to fit up to 66 x 34 x 38 inches and is suitable for different styles and brands of benches, loveseats, or sofas. The cover features air vents and padded handles for easy fitting and removal, as well as an adjustable cord lock for a customizable fit. It is easy to clean and maintain, ensuring the longevity of the waterproof coating. Overall, the KylinLucky Outdoor Furniture Covers Waterproof is a reliable and durable solution for protecting your outdoor furniture from natural damage.
Key Features
- ULTRA PROTECTION – Heavy duty outdoor sofa covers waterproof
- MULTIPLE SIZES – Prefer for the different styles and brands benches, loveseats or sofas
- ANTI VENTS&PAD HANDLES – Air vents reduce inside condensation and avoid cushion wetting
- ADJUSTABLE CORD LOCK – Elastic hem cord with toggles for a customizable fit
- CLEANING METHOD – Easy to clean with water, no strong detergents
Specifications
- Color: Grey
- Dimension: 66.00Lx34.00Wx38.00H
- Size: 66" x 34" x 38"
Pros
- Heavy-duty and waterproof
- Easy to fit and remove with padded handles
- Adjustable cord lock for secure fitting
- Durable and well-built
- Provides reliable protection from natural damage
Cons
- May not fit perfectly on all furniture sets
The KylinLucky Outdoor Furniture Covers Waterproof is a top-notch choice for safeguarding your outdoor sofa from the elements. With its heavy-duty construction, water-resistant coating, and adjustable features, it provides excellent protection and a customizable fit. The air vents and padded handles add convenience and prevent condensation and cushion wetting. The cover is easy to clean and maintain, ensuring its longevity. While it may not fit every furniture set perfectly, its overall performance and durability make it a worthwhile investment. Say goodbye to worries about natural damage and prolong the lifespan of your outdoor furniture with this reliable and efficient cover.
Buyer's Guide: Outdoor Sofa Covers Waterproof
Are you in need of a reliable outdoor sofa cover that can withstand the harsh elements while keeping your furniture safe and dry? Look no further! We have created a comprehensive buyer's guide to assist you in finding the perfect waterproof outdoor sofa cover. Let's dive right in:
Key Considerations:
- Size Matters: Measure your outdoor sofa accurately to ensure a proper fit. Be sure to consider the dimensions of the cover and how it will accommodate the sofa's shape, including cushions and other accessories.
- Material Quality: Look for covers made from high-quality materials, preferably ones that are waterproof, durable, and breathable. Materials like PVC, polyester, or a combination of both are excellent choices that provide excellent protection against rain, snow, and sunlight.
- Waterproofing Technology: Opt for a cover that explicitly mentions waterproofing features to ensure maximum protection. Special coatings or treatments such as PU (polyurethane) or PVC lamination help prevent water from seeping through.
- Adjustability & Fastening Mechanisms: Check if the cover has adjustable features like elastic hems, drawstrings, or buckles. These enable a snug fit, preventing the cover from being blown away by strong winds or heavy rain.
- UV Protection: Consider a cover that provides UV protection to shield your outdoor sofa from harmful sun rays. Ultraviolet radiation can cause fading, discoloration, and may lead to premature aging and damage to your furniture.
- Ventilation: Look for covers with ventilation features such as air vents or mesh panels to prevent moisture buildup and allow airflow. This helps prevent mold, mildew, and musty odors.
- Ease of Use & Storage: Consider covers that are easy to put on and take off. Foldable or stackable covers are great for compact storage when not in use. A storage bag is an added bonus.
- Durability & Warranty: Check reviews and product specifications to ensure the cover can withstand the demands of outdoor use. A strong warranty reflects the manufacturer's confidence in the product's quality and durability.
Additional Features:
- Multiple Sizes: Choose from a range of sizes to fit various sofa dimensions and styles.
- Color Options: Select a cover that complements your outdoor aesthetics or opt for neutral colors that blend easily.
- Easy Cleaning: Look for covers that are machine washable or easy to wipe clean with a damp cloth.
- Scratch Resistance: Some covers come with extra padding or reinforced fabric to protect against scratches.
- Secure Straps: Covers with straps that fasten underneath the sofa further ensure stability during strong winds or storms.
Frequently Asked Questions about 12 Unbelievable Outdoor Sofa Covers Waterproof for 2023
While some covers are designed for year-round use, it’s essential to read the manufacturer’s instructions and consider the climate in your area. In extreme weather conditions, it’s often recommended to remove the cover temporarily to prevent moisture buildup.
Waterproof covers often offer UV protection as well, but it’s crucial to check the product description to confirm. Protecting your furniture from both water and harmful sun rays ensures its longevity.
The size and shape of each cover are designed specifically for outdoor sofas. Using it on other furniture may not guarantee a proper fit or provide the desired protection.
Most covers can be cleaned by wiping them with a damp cloth. However, some covers are machine washable – always check the care instructions provided by the manufacturer.
If the cover doesn’t fit well, it may not provide adequate protection. Consider returning or exchanging it for a better-fitting option, or contact the manufacturer for assistance.
