Introducing the ultimate guide to the 12 Best Magnetic Curtain Rods For Door Window for 2023. If you're in search of a hassle-free solution to elevate the aesthetic appeal and functionality of your space, magnetic curtain rods are the perfect choice. These innovative rods offer a seamless installation process, saving you time and effort. Whether you're looking for a stylish addition to your living room or a functional solution for your bedroom, our carefully curated list of the best magnetic curtain rods for door windows will cater to your specific needs. Get ready to transform your space effortlessly in the coming year with these top-rated options.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The Magnetic Cafe Curtain Rods are versatile and adjustable rods that can be easily installed on doors, window casings, file cabinets, and even household appliances. They are made of lightweight aluminum construction with a plastic finish in colors like black, nickel, pewter, and brown. These curtain rods are adjustable, with two size options available: 09-16 inches and 16-28 inches. The installation process is quick and simple as they attach in seconds to any steel surface without the need for screws or adhesives. The rods have a strong magnet strength and are suitable for hanging lightweight curtains or linens. With a customer rating of 4.5/5, these rods have received positive reviews for their ease of use and strong magnetic hold.
Key Features
- Adjustable magnetic curtain rods in two size options
- Versatile use on doors, window casings, and appliances
- Lightweight aluminum construction with plastic finish in various colors
- Easy installation without screws or adhesives
- Suitable for lightweight curtains and linens
Specifications
- Color: Nickel
- Dimension: 1.00Lx1.00Wx1.00H
- Size: 16-28 Inch 2 Pack
Pros
- Strong magnet strength
- Easy to install and remove
- Versatile use on different surfaces
- No marks or holes left on steel doors
Cons
- Packaging could be improved
- Indentations on some magnetic hinges
- Color may fade with dusting
- Some rods may not fit properly
The Magnetic Cafe Curtain Rods are a practical and convenient solution for hanging curtains and linens on metal doors and other steel surfaces. With their adjustable design and strong magnet strength, they offer versatility and ease of use. The lightweight construction and various color options make them a stylish choice for any home or office. While there are some minor drawbacks like packaging issues and the potential for color fading, overall, these curtain rods provide a reliable and efficient solution. If you’re in need of a hassle-free way to hang curtains or linens on metal surfaces, the Magnetic Cafe Curtain Rods are worth considering.
Overall Score: 8.2/10
The Multi-Use Adjustable Magnetic Curtain Rods are a versatile and convenient solution for hanging lightweight curtains, towels, or pictures. With an adjustable length of 9 to 16 inches, these curtain rods can be easily installed on doors, windows, file cabinets, tool boxes, and appliances. Made from durable metal, these rods are long-lasting and strong enough for various occasions. The no-tools installation with magnets ensures a secure attachment to any steel surface without leaving holes or marks. The 100% Satisfaction Guarantee provides confidence in your purchase. Whether you need to hang curtains or organize your space, these adjustable magnetic curtain rods are a practical choice.
Key Features
- Adjustable length from 9 to 16 inches
- No-tools installation with magnets
- Suitable for doors, windows, tool boxes, and appliances
- Crafted from durable metal
- 100% satisfaction guarantee
Specifications
- Color: Black-2pcs
- Dimension: 1.97Lx0.79Wx0.04H
- Size: 9-16inch
Pros
- Easy installation with no-tools required
- Versatile use for different spaces and objects
- Durable metal construction
- Secure attachment with strong magnets
- 100% satisfaction guarantee
Cons
- May not be suitable for heavy curtains
- Not doggy proof for pets that like to chew on plastic
The Multi-Use Adjustable Magnetic Curtain Rods provide a convenient and flexible solution for hanging lightweight curtains or organizing various objects. The adjustable length and secure magnetic attachment make installation effortless and leave no marks on steel surfaces. Although not suitable for heavy curtains, these rods are perfect for lightweight fabrics in doors, windows, or even appliances. The durable metal construction ensures long-lasting use, and the 100% Satisfaction Guarantee gives you peace of mind. However, if you have a pet that enjoys chewing on plastic, consider an alternative. Overall, these adjustable magnetic curtain rods offer a practical and stylish solution for your hanging needs.
Overall Score: 8.5/10
The YYST Type A Magnetic Curtain Rod is a versatile and easy-to-install solution for hanging curtains and other items on metal doors or steel surfaces. With adjustable length and strong magnets, it provides convenience and stability. The rubber protected magnets prevent any marks or holes on the steel doors. This curtain rod is perfect for those who need a temporary or non-invasive option for their curtains. The strong magnetic hold ensures that the curtains stay in place even during opening and closing of the door. It is also suitable for use in classrooms or offices to hang posters or other magnetic items. Overall, the YYST Type A Magnetic Curtain Rod offers a reliable and practical solution for hanging curtains and other items on metal or steel surfaces.
Key Features
- Adjustable length from 16 to 28 inches
- Strong magnets with rubber protection
- Suitable for metal doors or iron steel places
- Easy to install with included manual
- Can hold curtains, towels, or scarves
Specifications
- Color: Black-1
- Dimension: 0.75Lx28.00Wx28.00H
Pros
- Strong magnets ensure curtains stay in place
- Rubber protection prevents marks or holes on doors
- Adjustable length meets different needs
- Versatile use for curtains, towels, or scarves
- Easy installation with included manual
Cons
- Not suitable for stainless steel surfaces
- May not be the most attractive solution
The YYST Type A Magnetic Curtain Rod is a reliable and practical solution for hanging curtains and other items on metal or steel surfaces. With its adjustable length and strong magnets, it provides convenience and stability. The rubber protected magnets ensure that there are no marks or holes on the doors. While it may not be the most visually appealing option, it offers a non-invasive and easy-to-install alternative. Whether it’s for your home, office, or classroom, this curtain rod is a versatile and functional choice. Overall, if you’re in need of a temporary or removable option for hanging curtains, towels, or scarves, the YYST Type A Magnetic Curtain Rod is worth considering.
Overall Score: 8/10
The Turquoize Magnetic Curtain Rod is a versatile and adjustable solution for hanging lightweight curtains or linens without the need for screws or adhesives. With its strong magnets, this rod can be installed on steel doors, window casings, file cabinets, and even appliances like refrigerators and washers. It features a lightweight aluminum construction with a plastic finish in various color options. The rod is easy to install and will not leave holes or marks on steel surfaces. The Turquoize Magnetic Curtain Rod comes in a pack of two and is available in two sizes: 9-16 inches and 16-28 inches.
Key Features
- Adjustable magnetic curtain rods
- Suitable for installation on doors, window casings, and appliances
- Lightweight aluminum construction with plastic finish
- Easy installation on any steel surface
- Can be used to hang lightweight curtains or linens
Specifications
- Color: White
- Dimension: 14.00Lx6.00Wx2.00H
- Size: 16-28 Inch 2 Pack
Pros
- Versatile and adjustable
- Easy installation with no tools required
- Does not leave holes or marks on steel surfaces
- Strong magnets for secure hold
Cons
- May not work on aluminum doors
- Lack of clear instructions on usage
- Adhesive used to connect magnets may not be sturdy
The Turquoize Magnetic Curtain Rod offers a convenient and stylish solution for hanging lightweight curtains or linens. Its adjustable design and versatile use make it a great choice for various applications. The easy installation and strong magnets provide a secure hold without the need for screws or adhesives. However, it’s important to note that this rod may not work on aluminum doors and the lack of clear instructions can be confusing for some users. Additionally, the adhesive used to connect the magnets may not be as sturdy as desired. Overall, the Turquoize Magnetic Curtain Rod is a reliable and functional choice for those looking to enhance their window treatments without any hassle.
Overall Score: 8/10
The Rod Desyne MAG-07 Magnetic Curtain Rod is a versatile and easy-to-use solution for hanging curtains on metal surfaces. Made from durable steel, this adjustable rod is designed for lightweight curtains and works on most types of iron and some types of stainless steel. With a projection of 1-5/8 inches, it provides adequate space for hanging curtains. The cocoa color adds a touch of elegance to any room. The rod measures 17-30 inches in size and is easy to install and remove. It features strong magnets that securely hold curtains in place, preventing them from sliding. The Rod Desyne MAG-07 Magnetic Curtain Rod offers a practical and convenient solution for hanging curtains without the need for drilling holes or permanent fixtures.
Key Features
- Includes one adjustable magnetic curtain rod
- Projection: 1-5/8"
- Made from steel
- For lightweight curtains only
- Works on most types of iron and some types of stainless steel
Specifications
- Color: Cocoa
- Dimension: 17.00L x 1.63W x 1.63H
- Size: 17-30 inch
Pros
- Easy to use and install
- Strong magnets hold curtains securely in place
- No drilling or permanent fixtures required
- Versatile and expandable size
Cons
- May scratch surfaces if magnets are slid
- Not ideal for heavy curtains
The Rod Desyne MAG-07 Magnetic Curtain Rod is a convenient and reliable solution for hanging curtains on metal surfaces. With its strong magnets and adjustable size, it offers versatility and ease of use. The cocoa color adds a touch of elegance to any room, while the steel construction ensures durability. While it may not be suitable for heavy curtains, it excels in lightweight applications, such as classrooms and apartments. The rod’s easy installation and removal make it a practical choice for those who want to avoid drilling holes or using permanent fixtures. Overall, the Rod Desyne MAG-07 Magnetic Curtain Rod provides a reliable and hassle-free solution for hanging curtains on metal surfaces.
Overall Score: 8.2/10
The Kenney 40343 Silver 7/16" Multi-Use Adjustable Petite Cafe Magnetic Rod is a versatile solution for hanging lightweight linens. With a sleek satin silver finish, the rod adds a modern touch to any room. It can easily be installed with no tools required and the powerful magnets ensure a secure hold on steel surfaces like doors, window casings, file cabinets, and appliances. The rod can be adjusted from 16 to 28 inches and has a weight capacity of up to 2 pounds. With its plastic mounts and compact size, it is perfect for hanging window valences and hand towels. Overall, the Kenney 40343 Magnetic Rod is a must-have for keeping your space organized and tidy.
Key Features
- Easy, no-tools installation
- Magnets attach to steel surfaces including doors, window casings, etc.
- Adjustable size of 16-28 inches for lightweight linens
- 7/16" diameter steel rod with plastic mounts
- Satin silver finish
Specifications
- Color: Silver
- Dimension: 20.50Lx3.75Wx2.00H
- Size: 1
Pros
- Easy and tool-free installation
- Powerful magnets hold items securely in place
- Sleek design adds a modern touch to any room
- Versatile and can be used on various surfaces
- Does not damage surfaces when moved
Cons
- Color is more off-white than white
- Magnets may not work on all types of doors
- Not suitable for heavy-duty use
- Plastic cover on magnets is difficult to remove
The Kenney 40343 Magnetic Rod is a simple and effective solution for organizing your space. Its easy installation and powerful magnets make it a convenient choice for hanging lightweight linens. The sleek satin silver finish adds a modern touch to any room. While the color may be slightly off-white and the magnets may not work on all door types, the rod performs well in securely holding items without causing damage to surfaces. It is not suitable for heavy-duty use, but for its intended purpose, it is a must-have. Overall, the Kenney 40343 Magnetic Rod is a reliable and versatile tool for keeping your space tidy.
Overall Score: 8/10
The Magnetic Curtain Rods for Metal Doors is a convenient and versatile solution for steel surfaces such as doors, windows, and appliances. With its adjustable length, it can fit various installations in your home or office. The heavy-duty magnets ensure a secure attachment without leaving any marks or holes on steel doors. Available in multiple colors, it can easily blend with any home decor. The recommended use is with sheer and lightweight curtain panel fabrics or towels. The rods are easy to install, requiring no tools or additional hardware. While some reviewers mentioned flimsiness or average magnet strength, the majority expressed satisfaction with the product's performance.
Key Features
- EASY INSTALLATION: Magnetic attachment, no tools or hardware required
- ADJUSTABLE LENGTH: 1/2" Diameter, adjust from 9 to 16 inches
- HIGH PERFORMANCE: Heavy-duty magnets with no marks or holes
- COLOR FINISHING: Four modern colors available to match any decor
- WARM TIPS: Recommended for sheer and lightweight curtain panel fabrics
Specifications
- Color: White
- Dimension: 10.00Lx4.00Wx2.00H
- Size: 2 Pack | 9 to 16 Inch
Pros
- Easy installation with magnetic attachment
- Adjustable length for versatile use
- Heavy-duty magnets ensure a secure attachment
- Multiple colors available to match any decor
- Recommended for sheer and lightweight curtains
Cons
- Some users found the rods to be flimsy
- Magnets may not be strong enough for heavy curtains
The Magnetic Curtain Rods for Metal Doors offer a convenient and hassle-free way to hang curtains on steel surfaces. With its adjustable length, it can fit various installations, and the heavy-duty magnets ensure a secure attachment without leaving any marks. While some users mentioned concerns about flimsiness or magnet strength, the majority of reviewers were satisfied with the product’s performance. Overall, this affordable and versatile curtain rod set is a great solution, especially for lightweight curtains or towels. Whether you have metal doors, windows, or appliances, these magnetic curtain rods can add functionality and style to your space.
Overall Score: 8.2/10
Introducing the H.VERSAILTEX 2 PACK Magnetic Curtain Rods for Metal Doors – the perfect solution for hanging lightweight curtains on narrow spaces or small windows. These adjustable rods, with a diameter of 1/2-inch, can be easily installed on any steel surface without requiring any tools. They are not only ideal for doors and windows but can also be attached to file cabinets, tool boxes, and appliances. With two size options available, you can choose the perfect fit for your curtains. The rods come in an array of elegant color options to match any home decor style. Despite some concerns about the plastic ends and flimsiness of the rods, customers generally find these rods to be sturdy and reliable.
Key Features
- ADJUSTABLE LENGTH: 1/2-Inch Diameter Multi-use Magnetic Curtain Rods
- EASY INSTALLATION: Attach securely to any steel surface with no-tools required
- HIGH PERFORMANCE: Suitable for installation on doors, window casings, file cabinets, and appliances
- DIMENSION OPTIONS: Have 2 sizes available, rods adjust from 9 inches to 16 inches
- COLOR FINISHING: Choose from 5 elegant color collections to match your home decor
Specifications
- Color: Cocoa
- Dimension: 0.50Lx16.00Wx16.00H
- Size: 9-16 Inch 2 Pack
Pros
- Easy installation without tools
- Versatile use on various steel surfaces
- Adjustable length to fit different windows and doors
- Comes in multiple elegant color options
Cons
- Cheap plastic ends
- Rods may feel flimsy for heavier fabrics
While the H.VERSAILTEX 2 PACK Magnetic Curtain Rods for Metal Doors have some minor flaws, they offer an excellent solution for hanging lightweight curtains on narrow windows or steel doors. The no-tools installation makes them highly convenient, and the adjustable length ensures a perfect fit. Customers appreciate the sturdy magnets that hold the rods in place, even with frequent use. The color options allow for seamless integration with any home decor style. Despite concerns about the plastic ends and rod flimsiness, most users find these rods to be reliable and durable. Overall, these magnetic curtain rods offer a versatile and practical solution for small spaces and metal doors.
Overall Score: 8.7/10
Easily adjustable magnetic curtain rods for steel surfaces. No installation or hardware required. Suitable for small windows, cafe sidelights, and iron steel places. Available in various colors to fit any home décor style. Recommended for sheer and lightweight curtain panel fabrics.
Key Features
- Easy installation with magnetic attachment
- Adjustable length from 9 to 16 inches
- High performance with heavy-duty magnets
- Available in four modern colors
- Recommended for sheer and lightweight curtains
Specifications
- Color: White
- Dimension: 10.00Lx4.00Wx2.00H
- Size: 2 Pack | 9 to 16 Inch
Pros
- No installation or hardware required
- Versatile and adjustable
- Will not leave holes or marks on steel doors
- Available in multiple colors to fit any home décor
Cons
- Magnets may fall off if bumped
- Glue that attaches the magnet to the plastic may not be durable
- Sharp square design at the edge of the rods
The Magnetic Curtain Rods for Metal Doors offer a convenient and versatile solution for installing curtains on steel surfaces. With easy installation and adjustable length, these magnetic rods are suitable for small windows, cafe sidelights, and other iron steel places. The heavy-duty magnets provide strong attachment without leaving any marks or holes on the doors. Available in multiple modern colors, these curtain rods can complement any home décor style. However, users should be cautious of the magnets falling off or the glue losing durability over time. Overall, these magnetic curtain rods provide an effective and convenient option for hanging sheer and lightweight curtains on metal doors.
Overall Score: 8/10
The H.VERSAILTEX 2 PACK Magnetic Curtain Rods are a versatile and easy-to-use solution for hanging lightweight curtains and hand towels. These adjustable rods have a diameter of 1/2-inch and can be adjusted from 16 to 28 inches, making them suitable for narrow spaces or small windows. They can be securely attached to any steel surface with no tools required, making installation a breeze. The rods are available in two sizes and come in five elegant color options to complement any home decor. With their high-performance design, these magnetic curtain rods can be used on doors, window casings, file cabinets, tool boxes, and even appliances like refrigerators and dishwashers. Overall, these magnetic curtain rods provide a convenient and stylish solution for hanging curtains without the need for drilling holes.
Key Features
- Adjustable length from 16 to 28 inches
- Suitable for installation on various steel surfaces
- Easy installation with no tools required
- Available in 2 sizes and 5 color options
Specifications
- Color: White
- Dimension: 17.00Lx4.00Wx2.00H
- Size: 16"-28" 2 Pack
Pros
- Versatile and adjustable for different window sizes
- Secure attachment to steel surfaces without tools
- Stylish color options to match any home decor
Cons
- End caps are made of cheap plastic
- Magnets may not hold heavy curtains securely
- End caps may not grip rods firmly
The H.VERSAILTEX 2 PACK Magnetic Curtain Rods offer a convenient and tool-free solution for hanging lightweight curtains. With their adjustable length and strong magnetic attachment, these rods can be easily installed on various steel surfaces. The rods come in multiple sizes and color options, allowing for a customized and stylish look. While they may not be suitable for heavy curtains and have some issues with the end caps, overall, these magnetic curtain rods provide a practical and cost-effective alternative to traditional curtain rods. Whether you’re looking to cover a small window or enhance your home decor, these magnetic curtain rods are worth considering.
Overall Score: 8/10
The Magnetic Curtain Rods for Metal Doors is a versatile and easy-to-install solution for adding curtains to metal surfaces without the need for any tools or drilling. With a telescoping structure, these rods can be adjusted from 16 to 28 inches to fit various window sizes. The magnets attach securely to any steel surface, such as tool boxes, iron doors, window casings, file cabinets, and appliances. Available in six finishes, including Black, White, Nickel, Pewter, Brown, and Ivory, these curtain rods offer a range of options to suit different decor styles. They provide excellent service and aim to offer customers the best shopping experience. With a customer rating of 4.1/5, this product has received positive reviews for its ease of use and magnetic hold.
Key Features
- Telescoping structure adjusts from 16 to 28 inches
- Easy installation with no tools required
- Multi-use for various metal surfaces
- Available in 6 finishes
- Excellent customer service
Specifications
- Color: White
- Size: 16-28 Inch | 2 Pack
Pros
- Easy to install and use
- Strong magnetic hold
- Versatile for different metal surfaces
Cons
- Magnetic hold may not be as strong for heavier curtains
The Magnetic Curtain Rods for Metal Doors provide a convenient and stylish solution for adding curtains to metal surfaces. With their adjustable telescoping structure and easy installation using strong magnets, these rods are suitable for a variety of applications. The availability of multiple finishes allows for customization to match different decor styles. While they may not be suitable for very heavy curtains, these rods offer a sturdy and secure hold for most lightweight to medium-weight curtains. Overall, this product is highly recommended for those looking to enhance the functionality and aesthetics of their metal doors and windows.
Overall Score: 7/10
The Kenney 7/16" Multi-Use Adjustable Petite Cafe Sidelight Magnetic Rods are a versatile and convenient solution for hanging lightweight linens such as window valences and hand towels. With easy, no-tools installation, these magnetic rods can be attached to various steel surfaces including doors, window casings, file cabinets, tool boxes, and appliances like refrigerators, dishwashers, washers, and dryers. The adjustable rod can extend from 8.75 to 15.75 inches, providing flexibility in usage. Made with a 7/16" diameter steel rod in a white finish, this 2-pack of magnetic rods offers a practical and affordable option. However, some customers have noted that the color is closer to a dark cream rather than pure white. Overall, the rods are stable and functional, though with average magnet strength.
Key Features
- Easy, no-tools installation
- Magnets attach to steel surfaces including doors, window casings, file cabinets, tool boxes, and appliances
- Adjustable rod for hanging lightweight linens
- 7/16" diameter steel rod with plastic mounts in a white finish
- 2-Pack
Specifications
- Color: White
- Dimension: 13.50Lx6.00Wx1.92H
- Size: 8.75-15.75"
Pros
- Convenient and versatile solution for hanging linens
- Easy installation without the need for tools
- Magnetic attachment works on various steel surfaces
- Adjustable rod provides flexibility in usage
- Affordable 2-pack
Cons
- Color is closer to a dark cream than pure white
- Magnet strength may not be strong enough for some
The Kenney 7/16″ Multi-Use Adjustable Petite Cafe Sidelight Magnetic Rods offer a practical and affordable option for hanging lightweight linens. With their easy installation and magnetic attachment, these rods can be used on various steel surfaces, making them versatile and convenient. The adjustable feature provides flexibility in usage, although the magnet strength may not be strong enough for heavier items. While the color is not a true white, it can still complement many decor styles. Overall, these magnetic rods are stable and functional, delivering good value for their price. If you’re in need of a simple solution for hanging linens, these rods are worth considering.
Buyer's Guide: Magnetic Curtain Rods for Door Window
Looking to add some style and functionality to your door windows? Magnetic curtain rods could be just what you need! These versatile and easy-to-install rods offer a convenient solution for hanging curtains without the need for drilling holes or using traditional curtain rods. To help you find the perfect magnetic curtain rod for your door window, we have compiled this comprehensive buyer's guide.
Benefits of Magnetic Curtain Rods
Before we dive into the details, let's take a look at some of the key benefits that magnetic curtain rods offer:
- Easy installation: No drilling or complicated hardware required. Simply place the magnetic rods on your door frame and let them snap into place.
- Versatility: Magnetic curtain rods are suitable for a wide range of door window sizes and can be easily adjusted to fit your specific needs.
- Damage-free: Say goodbye to drilling unsightly holes in your door frame. Magnetic rods eliminate the need for any permanent alterations or damage.
- Convenience: Easily attach or remove curtains whenever you desire, allowing you to control privacy, lighting, and style with ease.
- Affordable and stylish: Magnetic curtain rods are available in a variety of designs and finishes, allowing you to find one that complements your décor without breaking the bank.
Factors to Consider
When choosing the perfect magnetic curtain rod for your door window, keep the following factors in mind:
- Size: Measure your door window accurately to determine the appropriate length and width of the magnetic curtain rod.
- Material: Consider the materials used in the construction of the rod. Opt for durable and corrosion-resistant materials like stainless steel or aluminum for longevity and ease of maintenance.
- Weight capacity: Check the weight capacity of the magnetic curtain rod to ensure it can support the weight of your chosen curtains or drapes without bending or sagging.
- Magnet strength: Look for magnetic curtain rods with strong magnets that will securely hold the rod in place, even with the weight of the curtains.
- Adjustability: Consider the adjustability options available in the magnetic curtain rod. Some rods come with telescopic extensions or additional segments to fit various window sizes.
- Finishing: Choose a rod with a finish that matches your interior décor. Options include nickel, brass, black, or white finishes.
Frequently Asked Questions about 12 Best Magnetic Curtain Rods For Door Window for 2023
Magnetic curtain rods can be installed on most standard metal or steel door frames. However, they may not be suitable for non-magnetic materials such as wood or PVC.
Magnetic curtain rods are designed to hold lightweight to medium-weight curtains or drapes. If you have heavy curtains, consider opting for rods with stronger magnets or additional support brackets.
Magnetic curtain rods are generally safe for your door frame’s paint or finish. However, it’s always a good idea to clean the surface before installation to avoid any potential marks or damage.
Many magnetic curtain rods are adjustable and can be extended or shortened to fit various door window sizes. Check the product specifications to ensure the rod you choose offers the desired adjustability.
Absolutely! Magnetic curtain rods can be used on any metal or steel window frames, making them a versatile option for various window types throughout your home.
Magnetic curtain rods generally require minimal maintenance. Occasionally, wiping them with a soft cloth or mild cleaning solution can help remove any dirt or dust that may accumulate.
Yes! That’s one of the great advantages of magnetic curtain rods. No tools are required for installation, making it a hassle-free and DIY-friendly option.
Magnetic curtain rods are primarily designed for indoor use and may not withstand outdoor elements. It’s best to use them indoors only, where they can remain in optimal condition for longer.